In some locations, the soil is naturally weak and unsuited to make a stable base for road construction. Traditionally, higher quality aggregates are brought in to upgrade the road base. However, as this can be expensive, additives are also mixed in to improve the soil properties. This is not a new development in road construction, but a technology that has been common practice for many centuries. The Romans would commonly mix weak soils with pozzolana (volcanic ash containing alumina and silica) and lime to improve load-bearing capacity. Pozzolana-like materials and lime are still widely used today, but road stabilisation has also developed to offer tailor-made solutions better suited for the natural soil and the road requirements. Samples can be shipped over long distances to reference laboratories without requiring cold chain transportation which provides significant cost savings Electronic supplementary information (ESI) available: Additional methods, equation derivations, raw and deconvoluted spectra, and expected and measured masses (PDF). See DOI: 10.1039/d1sc01450a

Scrape off as much as you can and let it dry-out naturally, which could take a long time, before attempting to redecorate. It goes all the way to Ondo, down to Akwa Ibom. Most of the villages do not exist during that period of the raining season and when those dams are being built through renovation of yearly maintenance,” he said. The recent rejig of the Senate’s Standing Committees is another area where Akpabio displayed his accommodation spirit as he named Senator Jimoh Ibrahim (APC, Ondo) as the Chairman, Senate Committee on Inter-Parliamentary Affairs and Senator Natasha Akpoti-Uduaghan of the Peoples Democratic Party (PDP) as Chairperson, Senate Committee on Local Content. Normally, masonry walls can be primed with a thinned solution of water-based masonry paint. But, sometimes, the surface can be loose and/or powdery and this can cause problems.Since fly ash provides an agent with which the lime can react, lime and fly ash are frequently employed together successfully to stabilise granular materials. Lime-fly ash or lime-cement-fly ash combinations can be used to stabilise any sand, gravel, or combination of sand/gravel soil. These soils shouldn’t include more than 12 percent fines, and their Plasticity Index shouldn’t be more than 25%. So stabilisation using LF or LCF is frequently acceptable for base and subbase course materials. Before applying the solution, it is best to sand the surface with abrading paper to get rid of excess dust or paint flakes from past paintwork.

Extreme weather conditions may also affect the best stabiliser choice, favouring the use of some stabilisers while discouraging the use of others, regardless of cost. Generally speaking, the hot, arid, and cold, rainy climates demand special attention. Mechanical Stabilisation He has also brought to bear his vast experiences in public office in the country which has been instrumental in some of decisions taken by the Senate under his leadership. Always remember that applying some sort of exterior primer is one of the most important preparatory steps before applying any sort of paint. It provides both an increased quality and adhesion of paintwork, as well as protection to the wall itself. When Should You Use Stabilising Solution? F. Bosica, S. A. Andrei, J. F. Neves, P. Brandt, A. Gunnarsson, I. Landrieu, C. Ottmann and G. O'Mahony, Chem.–Eur. J., 2020, 26, 7131–7139 CrossRef CAS PubMed. Soil stabilisation is the alteration of one or more soil properties, by mechanical or chemical means, to create an improved soil material possessing the desired engineering properties. Stabilising soils during road construction can make the pavement more durable and resilient. Furthermore, it can stop erosion and dust production on the surface of the road.Eventually I repainted with a water based masonry paint. Every year since then the paint has bubbled and I have had to scrape and repaint. Baum et al (2007). Advances in CD4 cell enumeration in resource-poor countries. Current Opinion in HIV and AIDS 2: 157-245 The most important factor when selecting a stabilising agent is the type of soil to be stabilised. The uniformity, gradation, plasticity and texture of the soil aggregate material determines which binder is best suited. Often, soil quality can be assessed based on past experience in the same area or by conducting soil tests prior to treatment. The presence of clay, silt, organic materials, sands and gravels all affect the binder performance.