Mr Foote's Other Leg: Comedy, tragedy and murder in Georgian London

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In her brief study, entitled Circumstances affecting the Heat of the Sun’s Rays , the amateur scientist described an experiment in which she exposed glass cylinders equipped with thermometers to the Sun and attached to a pump to draw air from one and compress it in the other. Eunice compared the heating and cooling in the two cylinders. She observed, first, that the cylinder with the compressed air heated up more than the other in which the vacuum had been drawn. Second, that the heating was greater with moist air than with dry air. Thirdly, and this was her great and almost fortuitous discovery—since she also experimented with hydrogen and oxygen—that the greatest degree of heating occurred when one of the cylinders was filled with carbonic acid gas: CO 2 . “The receiver containing the gas became itself much heated—very sensibly more so than the other—and on being removed, it was many times as long in cooling,” she wrote The first relationship between CO 2 and the greenhouse effect Elizabeth Erny Foote (born 1953), Judge of the United States District Court for the Western District of Louisiana since 2010 Tyndall gave credit to Claude Pouillet's work on solar radiation through the atmosphere, but appeared to be unaware of Foote's work, or did not think it was relevant. [59] [68] Tyndall made no mention of water vapor, carbon dioxide, or climate until his fourth publication on the topic which appeared in the French-language journal Bibliothèque Universelle de Genève in 1859, [80] and even there, did not make a connection with climate change. [81] After conducting further tests, in 1861 his seminal work on climate, "The Bakerian Lecture: On the Absorption and Radiation of Heat by Gases and Vapours, and on the Physical Connexion of Radiation, Absorption, and Conduction" was presented as a lecture to the Royal Society. It was published later that year in the Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society. [67] [80] "On a New Source of Electrical Excitation" [ edit ]

Finally, it is often said that the truly pioneering works are those on which other scientists build “on the shoulders of giants”, as the expression goes. It has been said that Tyndall was unaware of Eunice Foote’s study . But John Perlin disputes this . This research scholar in the physics department at University of California at Santa Barbara discovered that in the same volume of the journal in which Eunice’s first work was published, there was a paper about colour blindness written by Tyndall himself. Wouldn’t Tyndall have read a journal that published an article by him? For Perlin, this is the “real damning evidence” that the Irish physicist knew of the woman’s work. Leonard, Ermina Newton (1915). Newton Genealogy, Genealogical, Biographical, Historical, Being a Record of the Descendants of Richard Newton of Sudbury and Marlborough, Massachusetts 1638, with Genealogies of Families Descended from the Immigrants, Rev. Roger Newton of Milford, Connecticut, Thomas Newton of Fairfield, Connecticut, Matthew Newton of Stonington, Connecticut, Newtons of Virginia, Newtons Near Boston. De Pere, Wisconsin: Bernard Ammidown Leonard. OCLC 1723979.One play, The Cozeners, is clearly based on the politician Charles James Fox who was a spendthrift and gambler. He had been duped by Elizabeth Harriett Grieve who had promised that she could arrange for him to marry a West Indian heiress. Grieve was tried and transported in 1773 and in the following year The Cozeners [29] opened with Mrs Gardner in the part of Mrs Fleece'em. [30] Foote's satires are based on caricatures of characters and situations from his era. His facility and wit in writing these earned him the title "the English Aristophanes." While, often, his subjects found his literary jabs just as humorous as his audiences, they often both feared and admired him. [1] Legal troubles [ edit ] Eunice Newton was born July 17, 1819, in Goshen, Connecticut, to Thirza and Isaac NewtonJr. [1] By 1820, the family had relocated to Ontario County in western New York. [2] Her father was a farmer and entrepreneur in East Bloomfield, amassing wealth and losing it through speculation. [3] [4] [5] Eunice was a distant relative of the scientist Isaac Newton. [6] [7] Eunice had six sisters and five brothers, although the oldest sister died at two years old. [4] [5] [8] Her father died in 1835 and the fifth child, a daughter named Amanda, took it upon herself to rid the properties of debt and become sole owner to keep the family farm from being sold. [3] [Notes 1] The area of New York where Eunice grew up and spent most of her life was the era's center of social activism. She would have been exposed to abolitionists, dress reform activists, mystics, temperance advocates, and women's rights campaigners. [11] Troy Female Seminary, 1822 Rensselaer School, 1824 She published a second paper in 1857, on atmospheric static electricity, explaining how moisture in the air affects static electricity. The Wedding of Senator Henderson and Miss Foote—The Guests, the Toilets, the Presents, etc., etc". Intelligencer Journal. Lancaster, Pennsylvania. July 9, 1868. p.1 . Retrieved July 9, 2022– via Newspapers.com.

Newton was educated at the Troy Female Seminary, [4] [6] a pioneering women's preparatory school, [Notes 2] established by feminist Emma Willard. Students of the seminary were encouraged to attend science courses at the adjacent Rensselaer School, which was led by Amos Eaton, the senior professor and a proponent of women's education. [18] [19] Eaton's innovative methods included lectures in scientific theory accompanied by practical experimentation in the laboratory, rather than rote memorization. [18] [20] [21] Newton attended these schools between 1836 and 1838. [18] [22] [23]Judy Foote (born 1952), Canadian politician and 14th Lieutenant Governor of Newfoundland and Labrador Warner, Deborah Jean (March 1978). "Science Education for Women in Antebellum America". Isis. Chicago, Illinois: University of Chicago Press for the History of Science Society. 69 (1): 58–67. doi: 10.1086/351933. ISSN 0021-1753. JSTOR 230608. OCLC 772494144. PMID 387657. S2CID 27814050 . Retrieved July 12, 2022. Schwartz, John (April 27, 2020). "Overlooked No More: Eunice Foote, Climate Scientist Lost to History". The New York Times. New York, New York. Archived from the original on May 24, 2022 . Retrieved December 28, 2021.

US Federal Census: Bloomfield, Ontario County, New York". FamilySearch. Washington, D.C.: National Archives and Records Administration. 1820. p.381. NARA Microfilm Series M33, Roll 62, line=452 . Retrieved July 7, 2022. (subscription required) Established in 1920 at 232 Hornsey Road London and founded by Charles Ernest Foote, Footes supplied and manufactured drums and percussion (alongside woodwind and brass) instruments. In 1924, Ronald E Foote joined and began to market the ‘REF’ series of snare drums which included innovative features such as a parallel snare and internal damper. Everyone at Foote’s would like to take this opportunity to thank all our friends, suppliers, manufacturers and, most importantly, our customers who have helped us achieve this huge milestone. We’re proud to feel part of the drumming community and we couldn’t have done it without you! We look forward to many more years of trading and can now claim the title WORLD’S OLDEST DRUM STORE, WHICH WOULD HAVE MADE CHARLES E. FOOTE AS PROUD AS WE ARE” Passport Applications: Vol. 233 July 14–24, 1862". FamilySearch. Washington, D.C.: National Archives and Records Administration. July 21, 1862. NARA Microfilm Series M1372, Roll 108, images=1242–1245 . Retrieved July 7, 2022. (subscription required) Foote". New-York Tribune. New York, New York. October 3, 1888. p.7 . Retrieved July 8, 2022– via Newspapers.com.

Sorenson, Raymond P. (2018). "Eunice Foote's Pioneering Research on CO2 and Climate Warming: Update*" (PDF). Search and Discovery. Tulsa, Oklahoma: American Association of Petroleum Geologists. #70317. Archived from the original (PDF) on October 21, 2020. Even more curious is that Eunice’s conclusion was born out of a flawed experiment; in recent years, various scientists have pointed out that the researcher’s system could not separate the action of visible and infrared light, and that in fact the glass prevented the long ultraviolet radiation that is responsible for global warming from entering the cylinders. The mechanisms that might explain her results have been discussed, and how they were possibly a chance finding that was misinterpreted but from which she drew a visionary interpretation; what is undeniable today is that Eunice Foote was the first scientist to establish the connection between the level of CO 2 and the warming of the atmosphere. Foote's paper was abbreviated and published in the American Journal of Science and Arts and the Philosophical Magazine. The Philosophical Magazine had rejected publication of her first paper in favor of reprinting Elisha's 1856 work. [82] The article about Foote's findings published in The New-York Daily Times on August 18, 1857, [88] [Notes 6] praised her work, claiming that her findings had been "never heretofore proven", [88] although in fact, they confirmed the ideal gas law, published in 1834. She proved that adiabatic heating or cooling, or changes in temperature that occur without the addition or removal of heat, is the result of changing pressure. Temperature changes alter the vapor pressure in the air, which in turn, impacts the generation of static electricity. [89] Inventions [ edit ] Foote's paper-making machine, 1864