Adrien Delmas; Nigel Penn (20 January 2012). Written Culture in a Colonial Context: Africa and the Americas 1500–1900. BRILL. p.348. ISBN 978-90-04-22524-4. Archived from the original on 5 May 2016 . Retrieved 29 October 2015.

a b c d "Relações Internacionais". lisboa.pt (in Portuguese). City of Lisbon. Archived from the original on 20 October 2022 . Retrieved 29 June 2022. Considered as representing the Lisbon Metropolitan Region. It is a region of significant importance in industry (light and heavy), services, and it is highly urbanized. The gross domestic product (GDP) of the region was 73.3 billion euros in 2018, accounting for 36% of Portugal's economic output. GDP per capita adjusted for purchasing power was 30,200 euros or 100% of the EU27 average in the same year. The GDP per employee was 92% of the EU average. [5] History [ edit ]In the city, there are three public universities and a university institute. The University of Lisbon, which is the largest university in Portugal, was created in 2013 with the union of the Technical University of Lisbon and the Classical University of Lisbon (which was known as the University of Lisbon). The New University of Lisbon, founded in 1973, is another public university in Lisbon and is known internationally by its Nova School of Business and Economics (Nova SBE), its economics and management faculty. The third public university is Universidade Aberta. Additionally, there's ISCTE - Lisbon University Institute (founded in 1972), a university institute that provides degrees in all academic disciplines. Soyer, F. (2007). "The Massacre of the New Christians of Lisbon in 1506: A New Eyewitness Account" (PDF). Cadernos de Estudos Sefarditas. 7: 221. Archived (PDF) from the original on 7 April 2022 . Retrieved 29 May 2022. Darcy, Marie-Line (12 July 2018). "Lisbon as the 'Holy See' for Ismaili Shia Muslims". Archived from the original on 26 October 2020 . Retrieved 22 October 2020.

https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0 CC BY-SA 3.0 Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 3.0 true true Original upload log [ edit ] During the last centuries of the Middle Ages, the city expanded substantially and became an important trading post with both Northern European and Mediterranean cities. The Calouste Gulbenkian Foundation is one of the wealthiest foundations in the world and houses one of the largest private collections of antiquaries and art in the world, within the Gulbenkian Museum. The average amount of time people spend commuting with public transit in Lisbon, for example to and from work, on a weekday is 59 min. 11.5% of public transit riders, ride for more than 2 hours every day. The average amount of time people wait at a stop or station for public transit is 14 min, while 23.1% of riders wait for over 20 minutes on average every day. The average distance people usually ride in a single trip with public transit is 6km, while 10% travel for over 12km in a single direction. [156] Car [ edit ]share alike – If you remix, transform, or build upon the material, you must distribute your contributions under the same or compatible license as the original. For the Regional Funds, management responsibilities under the policy of the European Union in Portugal, this regions it's the region of Lisbon that consists of Grande Lisboa and Península de Setúbal, for regional planning (Run, monitor and evaluate, at regional level, policies on environment, nature conservation, land management and city) the region is called Lisbon and the Tagus Valley (LVT), composed by 5 NUTSIII (Sub-regions: Greater Lisbon, Setúbal Peninsula, Middle Tagus, and Lezíria West Coast)." During the Estado Novo regime (1926–1974), Lisbon was expanded at the cost of other districts within the country, resulting in nationalist and monumental projects. New residential and public developments were constructed; the zone of Belém was modified for the 1940 Portuguese Exhibition, while along the periphery new districts appeared to house the growing population. The inauguration of the bridge over the Tagus allowed a rapid connection between both sides of the river. EncyclopædiaBritannica. "John IV (king of Portugal)". Archived from the original on 13 March 2012 . Retrieved 10 March 2012. king of Portugal from 1640 as a result of the national revolution or restoration, which ended 60 years of Spanish rule. Lisbon has a long tradition in sports. It hosted several matches, including the final, of the UEFA Euro 2004 championship. The city also played host to the final of the 2001 IAAF World Indoor Championships and the European Fencing Championships in 1983 and 1992, as well as the 2003 World Men's Handball Championship, and the 2008 European Judo Championships. From 2006 to 2008, Lisbon was the starting point for the Dakar Rally. The city hosted the 2014 and 2020 UEFA Champions League finals. In 2008 and 2016, the city hosted the European Triathlon Championships. Lisbon has a leg at the Volvo Ocean Race.

a b "Monthly Averages for Lisbon, Portugal (1981–2010)". Instituto de Meteorologia. Archived from the original on 26 November 2012 . Retrieved 10 August 2012. Major private institutions of higher education include the Portuguese Catholic University, focused on law and management, as well as the Lusíada University, the Universidade Lusófona, and the Universidade Autónoma de Lisboa, among others. The sphere and shield in the middle of the current flag are an integral part of the design, which has historically been centred on the royal arms, usually over fields of blue and white. Since the country's foundation, the standard developed from the bluecross-on-white armorial square banner of King Afonso I, through progressively more complex designs, which did incorporate green and red, to the liberal monarchy's arms over a blue-and-white rectangle. In between, major changes associated with determinant political events contributed to its evolution into the current design.Joaquim Carvalho (2007). Religion and Power in Europe: Conflict and Convergence. Edizioni Plus. p.38. ISBN 978-88-8492-464-3. Archived from the original on 9 May 2016 . Retrieved 29 October 2015. The city occupies an area of 100.05km 2 (39sqmi), and its city boundaries, unlike those of most major cities, coincide with those of the municipality. [63] The rest of the urbanised area of the Lisbon urban area, known generically as Greater Lisbon ( Portuguese: Grande Lisboa) includes several administratively defined cities and municipalities, in the north bank of the Tagus River. The larger Lisbon metropolitan area includes the Setúbal Peninsula to the south. Vertically centered over the sphere is the national shield, a white-rimmed curved bottom red shield charged with a white inescutcheon. Its height and width are equal to 7⁄ 10 and 6⁄ 10 of the sphere's diameter, respectively. The country's chief seaport, featuring one of the largest and most sophisticated regional markets on the Iberian Peninsula, Lisbon and its heavily populated surroundings are also developing as an important financial centre and a dynamic technological hub. Automobile manufacturers have erected factories in the suburbs, for example, AutoEuropa. Source: Instituto de Meteorologia, [70] Hong Kong Observatory [71] for data of avg. precipitation days & sunshine hours