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Par métonymie, terracotta peut désigner la poterie souvent utilitaire qu'on en tire, de facture brute, et la couleur terracotta de ces objets. Main article: Architectural terracotta Imperial roof decoration in the Forbidden City One of two terracotta relief sculptures, "Events in the Life of John Wesley", in the porch of Methodist Central Hall, Birmingham, England

The many uses of terracotta tiles - a designers history". Lubelska. 2019-05-21 . Retrieved 2020-10-07. Based on its origin, clay can be divided into two categories. The first is our organic clay extracted from natural minerals, and the second is artificial clay made out of polymer. Kaolin - It is a soft white clay known as china clay. The natural state of kaolin is smooth powder consistency, white color, and consists of mineral kaolinite in it. Virgin and Child, glazed terra-cotta from the workshop of Benedetto Buglioni, c. 1490, in a gilt wood Renaissance Revival frame; in the Taft Museum of Art, Cincinnati, Ohio. 70.5 × 49.2 cm. (more) European medieval art made little use of terracotta sculpture, until the late 14th century, when it became used in advanced International Gothic workshops in parts of Germany. [23] The Virgin illustrated at the start of the article from Bohemia is the unique example known from there. [1] A few decades later, there was a revival in the Italian Renaissance, inspired by excavated classical terracottas as well as the German examples, which gradually spread to the rest of Europe. In Florence Luca della Robbia (1399/1400–1482) was a sculptor who founded a family dynasty specializing in glazed and painted terracotta, especially large roundels which were used to decorate the exterior of churches and other buildings. These used the same techniques as contemporary maiolica and other tin-glazed pottery. Other sculptors included Pietro Torrigiano (1472–1528), who produced statues, and in England busts of the Tudor royal family. The unglazed busts of the Roman Emperors adorning Hampton Court Palace, by Giovanni da Maiano, 1521, were another example of Italian work in England. [24] They were originally painted but this has now been lost from weathering.Terracotta tiles have also been used extensively for floors since ancient times. The quality of terracotta floor tiles depends on the suitability of the clay, the manufacturing methods (kiln-fired being more durable than sun baked), and whether the terracotta tiles are sealed or not. Some water is mixed into the clay to give it a fluid consistency. While pouring the water, keep mixing the clay to avoid any big chunks of clay and keep the mixture smooth. As you achieve the liquid surface, it's time to rest or leave the mix to settle down the clay for some hours. Molded statuettes 6 to 7 inches (15 to 18 cm) in height are common throughout the ancient world, among them very early primitive figures from Cyprus and painted, glazed human figures from Minoan Crete. The Cypriot figures often comprise groups of dancers or warriors, and the Cretan feature lively poses of women, horsemen, or animals. After the 7th century bce, styles became less hieratic, the subjects more mundane—e.g., a nurse with child, a teacher and pupils, an actor in costume. The Tanagra figurines, found in Tanagra in central Greece (Boeotia), are the best known of this kind. In the Hellenistic period, from the 4th century bce, centres of statuette production moved to Asia Minor and westward, being found throughout the Roman Empire as far as Britain. Styles in the East became more ornate and influenced by Oriental values in design and subject. Scultz; Hobson, R.L. (May 1914). "A New Chinese Masterpiece in the British Museum". The Burlington Magazine for Connoisseurs. Vol.25, no.134. p.70. JSTOR 859579. After drying, it is placed in a kiln or atop combustible material in a pit, and then fired. The typical firing temperature is around 1,000°C (1,830°F), though it may be as low as 600°C (1,112°F) in historic and archaeological examples. [13] The iron content, reacting with oxygen during firing, gives the fired body a reddish color, though the overall color varies widely across shades of yellow, orange, buff, red, "terracotta", pink, grey or brown. [13]

Dried objects are baked in a kiln or atop combustible material in a pit to make them permanent and hard. Such kilns can run on natural or propane gas, wood, coal, and electricity. Some people fire their work in pits in the ground. They layer the pots with hay, seaweed, or other combustibles. The fire burns from top to bottom over a day or two. The chemicals in the grass, or other chemicals added to the fire, are absorbed into the pot and create colors in the clay. But this is not the only factor that affects the color of an object; to get the different colors and properties of terracotta, temperature derives. During this process, some things can get destroyed. Technical Trends Of Cottage Ceramic Industries In Southwestern Nigeria' Journal of Visual Art and Design. Segun Oladapo Abiodun. Vol. 10, No. 1, 2018 Architecture - People use terracotta in architecture very creatively since it is lightweight and keeps the surroundings cool. It is a great choice of material in architecture. The complete house can be constructed out of it. With the making of traditional tiles out of terracotta, new tiles are also being built; you can see some innovative tiles designed on Nuvocotto Jaalis . They have positioned clay tiles from mere a functional product to the first choice of creative designers and architects across India and UAE. Some architectures also develop a Biomimicry cooling system to replace the central cooling system. Designed an air cooler made out of clay inspired by beehive structure and customized through advanced computational analysis and modern calibration techniques. Terracotta" is normal in British English, and perhaps globally more common in art history. "Terra-cotta" is more popular in general American English.To prepare porous terracotta, sawdust or ground cork is added to the clay before the shaping stage. When the particles of such clay are burned in a kiln , the organic particles burn and leave pores in the particles. Porous terracotta is a fireproof and soundproofing material. It can be easily sawn and nailed with nails , screws , etc. It is lightweight but structurally weak.

Terra Cotta" redirects here. For the architectural usage, see Architectural terracotta. For the Chinese sculptures, see Terracotta Army. For other usages, see Terra Cotta (disambiguation). International Gothic Bohemian bust of the Virgin Mary; c. 1390–1395; terracotta with polychromy; [1] 32.5 x 22.4 x 13.8 cm Terracotta female figurines were uncovered by archaeologists in excavations of Mohenjo-daro, Pakistan (3000–1500BC). Along with phallus-shaped stones, these suggest some sort of fertility cult. [16] The Burney Relief is an outstanding terracotta plaque from Ancient Mesopotamia of about 1950 BC. In Mesoamerica, the great majority of Olmec figurines were in terracotta. Many ushabti mortuary statuettes were also made of terracotta in Ancient Egypt. Cette teinte chaude et singulière, invitant au voyage, est plus que jamais plébiscitée pour enrichir nos intérieurs.This article covers the senses of terracotta as a medium in sculpture, as in the Terracotta Army and Greek terracotta figurines, and architectural decoration. East Asian and European sculpture in porcelain is not covered. Richardson, Emeline Hill (1953). "The Etruscan Origins of Early Roman Sculpture". Memoirs of the American Academy in Rome. 21: 75–124. doi: 10.2307/4238630. ISSN 0065-6801. JSTOR 4238630.