Black Sarawak Pepper from Malaysia, 200 g

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Stephanie Lee; Fatimah Zainal (16 September 2018). "Sabah, Sarawak to be restored as equal partners forming Malaysia, says Dr M". The Star . Retrieved 17 September 2018. a b c d e Alastair, Morrison (1 January 1993). Fair Land Sarawak: Some Recollections of an Expatriate Official. SEAP Publications. p.10. ISBN 978-0-87727-712-5 . Retrieved 29 October 2015. A division is divided into districts, each headed by a district officer, which are in turn divided into sub-districts, each headed by a Sarawak Administrative Officer (SAO). There is also one development officer for each division and district to implement development projects. The state government appoints a headman (known as ketua kampung or penghulu) for each village. [95] [119] There are a total of 26 sub-districts in Sarawak all under the jurisdiction of the Sarawak Ministry of Local Government and Community Development. [123] The list of divisions, districts, sub-districts and their local authorities is shown in the table below: [124] Division

Sarawak Chinese are primarily Buddhist and Christian, [295] and speak a multitude of southern Chinese languages: Cantonese, Fuzhou, Hakka, Hokkien, Teochew, and Henghua ( Putian people), in addition to Mandarin. They celebrate major cultural festivals such as Hungry Ghost Festival and the Chinese New Year much as their ancestors did. [296] Chinese settlers in Sarawak were not limited to any one area. Those who settled in Kuching did so near the Sarawak River in an area that is now referred to as Chinatown. [297] Fuzhounese immigrants from Fuzhou, Fujian, led by Wong Nai Siong in 1901, settled along the Rajang River in what is now Sibu , as due to Boxer Rebellion, [298] while those who arrived in Miri sought work in the coal mines and oilfields. [297] Ling, Sharon (14 February 2014). "Muhyiddin: Umno need not be in Sarawak". The Star (Malaysia) . Retrieved 23 June 2014. James, Chin (9 March 2006). "Book Review: The Rise and Fall of Communism in Sarawak 1940–1990". Kyoto Review of South East Asia . Retrieved 10 November 2015. Naskah Nagarakretagama" (in Indonesian). Perpustakaan Nasional Republik Indonesia. Archived from the original on 23 May 2017 . Retrieved 13 October 2014. Premier: Unity govt agreement amended for Sarawak to use BM, English as official language". Borneo Post Online. 16 December 2022 . Retrieved 20 February 2023.

James Leasor (1 January 2001). Singapore: The Battle That Changed the World. House of Stratus. pp.41–. ISBN 978-0-7551-0039-2. Kris, Jitab (23 February 1991). "Wrong info on how Sarawak got its name". New Sunday Times . Retrieved 14 November 2015. Gavin Long (1963). Australia in the War of 1939-1945. Series 1 - Army - Volume VII - The Final Campaigns (1st edition, 1963) - Chapter 20 - Securing British Borneo. Australia: The Australian War Memorial. p.491 . Retrieved 18 June 2017. The indigenous tribes of Sarawak traditionally used oratory to pass on their culture from one generation to the next; [330] [note 11] examples of these traditional practices include the Iban's Ngajat dances, [331] Renong (Iban vocal repertory), [332] Ensera (Iban oral narratives), [305] [note 12] and epic storytelling by the Kayan and Kenyah. [333] [334] Ngajat, the Iban warrior dance gazetted as part of Sarawak culture. Urban populations consist predominantly of Malays, Melanaus, Chinese, and a small population of urban Ibans and Bidayuhs who migrated from their home villages seeking employment. [282] The latter two are among the more than 40 sub-ethnic groups of Sarawak, many of whom still inhabit remote areas and are referred to as Orang Asal. [283] The Orang Asal, and Malays, of Peninsular Malaysia, Sarawak and Sabah are referred to collectively as Bumiputera (son of the soil). This classification grants them special privileges in education, jobs, finance, and political positions. [284]

Graham, Saunders (5 November 2013). A History of Brunei. Routledge. pp.74–77. ISBN 978-1-136-87394-2 . Retrieved 24 November 2016. Sabah, Sarawak to be restored as equal partners forming Malaysia, not just component states, says PM Mahathir". The Star/Asia News Network. The Straits Times. 16 September 2018. Archived from the original on 17 September 2018 . Retrieved 17 September 2018. Zheng, Dekun (1 January 1982). Studies in Chinese Archeology. The Chinese University Press. pp.49, 50. ISBN 978-962-201-261-5 . Retrieved 29 December 2015. In case of Santubong, its association with T'ang and Sung porcelain would necessary provide a date of about 8th – 13th century A.D. Patricia, Hului (12 September 2016). "Celebrating Batu Lintang Camp liberation day on Sept 11". The Borneo Post. Archived from the original on 11 December 2018 . Retrieved 17 June 2017. Fadillah, who is also Plantation and Commodities Minister, said in Sibu, there are a total of 3,402 small pepper planters, and MPB Sibu had distributed RM7.6 million to help 346 pepper planters.Sarawak has six major ethnic groups, Iban, Chinese, Malay, Bidayuh, Melanau, and Orang Ulu, [282] as well as a number of ethnic groups with smaller but still substantial populations, such as the Kedayan, Javanese, Bugis, Murut, and Indian. [290] In 2015, the Bidayuh and Iban, both indigenous ethnic groups of Sarawak, were officially recognised by the government of Malaysia as comprising the Dayak people. [291] There are more than 50 tribes still existing or extinct in Sarawak but only the major tribes are listed in the Malaysian Federal Constitution. [292] The Borneo Company Limited". National Library Board. Archived from the original on 12 October 2015 . Retrieved 25 January 2016. Anthony Brooke". The Daily Telegraph. 6 March 2011. Archived from the original on 11 January 2022 . Retrieved 3 November 2015.

We’re on the island of Borneo, home of the hornbill and orang-utan, about 30km out of Kuching, the main township in the state of Sarawak, in what’s known as east Malaysia. We’ve come to meet Alfonso Sapis, a local farmer who has kindly agreed to show us around his small but thriving pepper plantation. Broek, Jan O.M. (1962). "Place Names in 16th and 17th Century Borneo". Imago Mundi. 16 (1): 134. doi: 10.1080/03085696208592208. JSTOR 1150309. Carena (for Carena), deep in the bight, refers to Sarawak, the Kuching area, where there is clear archaeological evidence of an ancient trade center just inland from Santubong. To protect the interests of the Sarawakians in the Malaysian federation, special safeguards have been included in the Constitution of Malaysia. These include: control over immigration in and out of the state as well as the residence status of non-Sarawakians and Sabahans, limitations on the practice of law to resident lawyers, independence of the Sarawak High Court from the High Court Peninsular Malaysia, a requirement that the Sarawak Chief Minister be consulted prior to the appointment of the chief judge of the Sarawak High Court, the existence of Native Courts in Sarawak and the power to levy sales tax. Natives in Sarawak enjoy special privileges such as quotas and employment in public service, scholarships, university placements, and business permits. [99] Local governments in Sarawak are exempt from local council laws enacted by the Malaysian parliament. [100] This level of autonomy means Sarawak is sometimes referred to as a "region", to differentiate it from less autonomous states. [101] The State Assembly building is located near the Kuching waterfront.See also: Constitution of the State of Sarawak, Government of Sarawak, Cabinet of Sarawak, Elections in Sarawak, and Sarawak State Legislative Assembly Composition of the 19th Sarawak State Legislative Assembly Status of Sabah, Sarawak stays". Bernama. Daily Express. 10 April 2019. Archived from the original on 10 April 2019 . Retrieved 10 April 2019.

Brunei Revolt breaks out – 8 December 1962". National Library Board (Singapore) . Retrieved 9 November 2015. a b Simon, Elegant (13 July 1986). "SARAWAK: A KINGDOM IN THE JUNGLE". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 2 November 2015 . Retrieved 2 November 2015. With foie gras it will be a sensation. You can grind it on a slice of foie gras or season your fresh foie gras before cooking.

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Christianity is the largest religion in Sarawak, representing 50.1% of the total population according to the 2020 census. [315] This makes Sarawak the only Malaysian state with a Christian majority. The earliest Christian missionaries in Sarawak were Church of England ( Anglicans) in 1848, followed by Roman Catholics a few years later, and Methodists in 1903. Evangelization first took place among the Chinese immigrants before spreading to indigenous animists. [316] Other Christian denominations in Sarawak are Borneo Evangelical Mission (or Sidang Injil Borneo), [317] and Baptists. [318] Indigenous people such as the Iban, Bidayuh, and Orang Ulu have adopted Christianity, although they do retain some of their traditional religious rites. Many Muslims come from the Malay and Melanau. Buddhism, Taoism, and Chinese folk religion are predominantly practised by Chinese Malaysians. [319] Other minor religions in Sarawak are the Baháʼí Faith, [320] Hinduism, [321] Sikhism, [322] and animism. [323] Sarawak has a tropical geography with an equatorial climate and experiences two monsoon seasons: a northeast monsoon and a southwest monsoon. The northeast monsoon occurs between November and February, bringing heavy rainfall while the southwest monsoon, which occurs between March and October, brings somewhat less rainfall. The climate is stable throughout the year except for the two monsoons, with average daily temperature varying between 23°C (73°F) in the morning to 32°C (90°F) in the afternoon at coastal areas. Miri has the lowest average temperatures in comparison to other major towns in Sarawak and has the longest daylight hours (more than six hours a day), while other areas receive sunshine for five to six hours a day. Humidity is usually high, exceeding 68 per cent, with annual rainfall varying between 330cm (130in) and 460cm (180in) for up to 220 days a year. [137] At highland areas, the temperature can vary from 16°C (61°F) to 25°C (77°F) during the day and as low as 11°C (52°F) during the night. [141] Profil Negeri Sarawak (Sarawak State profile)". Jabatan Penerangan Malaysia (Malaysian Information Department). Archived from the original on 21 April 2015 . Retrieved 12 January 2016. Hara, Fujio (December 2005). "The North Kalimantan Communist Party and People's Republic of China" (PDF). The Developing Economies: 495. Archived from the original (PDF) on 19 December 2016 . Retrieved 2 April 2017.